The relationship between Saudi Arabia and Israel has been a focal point in Middle Eastern diplomacy, marked by a series of advancements and setbacks influenced by regional conflicts, political dynamics, and international interventions. In September 2023, Saudi Arabia’s Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman indicated that the kingdom was “getting closer” to normalizing relations with Israel. He emphasized the importance of addressing the Palestinian issue as a critical component of any agreement. The trajectory toward normalization experienced a significant setback following the Hamas attacks on Israel in October 2023. In response to the ensuing conflict, Saudi Arabia paused U.S.-backed talks aimed at establishing formal ties with Israel. This decision underscored Riyadh’s stance that any normalization must not come at the expense of Palestinian rights and statehood.
Ceasefire and Diplomatic Re-engagement
A 15-month conflict between Israel and Gaza culminated in a ceasefire agreement in January 2025. This development has opened avenues for diplomatic re-engagement. Saudi Arabia has expressed interest in resuming normalization talks with Israel, contingent upon meaningful progress toward the establishment of a Palestinian state. The United States continues to play a pivotal role in facilitating normalization agreements between Israel and Arab nations. The Biden administration has emphasized the need for a credible political resolution for Palestinians to prevent future unrest. The recent ceasefire has also influenced regional dynamics, notably weakening Iran’s position and altering the geopolitical landscape in countries like Lebanon, Syria, Yemen, and Iraq.
Public opinion in Saudi Arabia regarding normalization with Israel remains cautious. The kingdom’s leadership has reiterated that any agreement must align with the aspirations of the Palestinian people, reflecting a nuanced approach influenced by both political considerations and public sentiment. While there have been diplomatic overtures and discussions facilitated by the United States, the path to normalization between Saudi Arabia and Israel remains complex. The recent conflicts have underscored the volatility of the region and the deep-seated issues that need addressing. Both nations continue to engage in diplomatic communications, and there is a belief that establishing a Palestinian state could pave the way for normalization. However, achieving this requires navigating a myriad of political, social, and security challenges that continue to shape the Middle East’s geopolitical landscape.
